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When used as a diacritic mark, the term dot is usually reserved for the ''Interpunct'' ( · ), or to the glyphs 'combining dot above' ( (unicode:◌̇) ) and 'combining dot below' ( (unicode:◌̣) ) which may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in use in Central European languages and Vietnamese. ==Overdot== Language scripts or transcription schemes that use the dot above a letter as a diacritical mark: * In some forms of Arabic romanization, ' stands for ''ghayin'' (غ); ' stands for qāf (ق). * Traditional Irish typography, where the dot denotes lenition, and is called a or "dot of lenition": ''(unicode:ḃ ċ ḋ ḟ ġ ṁ ṗ ṡ ṫ)''. Alternatively, lenition may be represented by a following letter ''h'', thus: ''bh ch dh fh gh mh ph sh th''. In Old Irish orthography, the dot was used only for ''(unicode:ḟ ṡ)'', while the following ''h'' was used for ''ch ph th''; lenition of other letters was not indicated. Later the two systems spread to the entire set of lenitable consonants and competed with each other. Eventually the standard practice was to use the dot when writing in Gaelic script and the following ''h'' when writing in antiqua. Thus ''ċ'' and ''ch'' represent the same phonetic element in Modern Irish. * (リトアニア語:ė) is pronounced as , compared to ''ę'', which is pronounced a lower (formerly nasalised), or ''e'', pronounced . * ( マルタ語:ċ) is used for a voiceless palato-alveolar affricate, ''ġ'' for a voiced palato-alveolar affricate, and ''ż'' for a voiced alveolar sibilant. * Old English: In modernized orthography, ''ċ'' is used for a voiceless palato-alveolar affricate , ''ġ'' for a palatal approximant (probably a voiced palatal fricative in the earliest texts) * (ポーランド語:ż) is used for a voiced retroflex sibilant. * The Sioux languages such as Lakota and Dakota sometimes use the dot above to indicate ejective stops. * In the Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics orthography for the Inuktitut language, a dot above a symbol signifies that the symbol's vowel should be a long vowel (the equivalent effect using the Roman orthography is achieved by doubling the vowel, for example: ᒥ = mi, ᒦ = mii ). * In Turkish, the dot above lowercase ''i'' and ''j'' (and uppercase ''İ'') is not regarded as an independent diacritic but as an integral part of the letter. It is called a tittle. * In the Rheinische Dokumenta phonetic writing system overdots denote a special pronunciation of ''r''. * Some countries use the overdot as a decimal mark. The overdot is also used in the Devanagari script, where it is called anusvara. In mathematics and physics, when using Newton's notation the dot denotes the time derivative as in . However, today this is more commonly written with a prime or using Leibniz's notation. In addition, the overdot is one way used to indicate an infinitely repeating set of numbers in decimal notation, as in , which is equal to the fraction , and , which is equal to . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dot (diacritic)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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